Workplace counselling and therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Working environment guiding and treatment - Essay Example Individual issue adding to poor employment execution are normally mind boggling and multi-faceted. They regularly incorporate issues that couple of bosses are prepared to deal with - muddled issues like; Other than diminishing expense related with representative's very own issues, Nyack Hospital worker help program gives preparing to chiefs and bosses to assist then with creating aptitude and trust in settling worker's exhibition issues. The program likewise offers extra preparing modules for the executives and staff on issues, for example, inappropriate behavior, advancing a medication free work place, stress the board, child rearing and numerous other HR advancement themes. The representative help program improves existing advantage program and exhibits organization's pledge to and worry for its workers prosperity. Dollar for dollar Nyack Hospital's representative help program is probably the best speculation an association can make. Having a program like this one can enable your association to contain cost from various perspectives including; As above expressed workers help program (EAP) is embraced by hardly any administrators or masters who are prepared to deal with confounded issues. These entangled issues are issues that representatives experience while working. They may emerge from their homes or inside their working environment. ... These confused issues are issues that representatives experience while working. They may emerge from their homes or inside their work environment. The issue ought to be fathomed so they don't meddle with an employee's. This is another motivation behind why Nyack Hospital has attempted to give this program to its workers. In such manner workers' help program tends to the accompanying issues as expressed above and clarified in detail beneath. Worry at work. Stress implies excitement o improvement. This is where a representative is upset by different factors either inside work environment or outer issues (A prologue to work environment directing, J. McLeod, 2001) This condition doesn't permit the representative to move in his work as their psyche is isolated. The condition influences both the representative and the association. While in this state the individual in question being not able to perform influences the association as far as profitability. The general discernment has been that worry in an association happens to center level and junior representatives. In any case, it begins directly from the top. Ranking directors are not superwomen or supermen; they additionally experience worry at work. Be that as it may, they gain proficiency with the craft of appointment when they read at the top. They have secretaries and colleagues who help them The suspicion that passing, separate and moving house are the three greatest reasons for pressure has been surpassed by office as the chief concentration for stress. The greatest contributing elements to stretch are: - Strain to perform Dread of repetition/work vulnerability Downturn Change/pace of progress Individual/home life Expanded employment load Over the top hours Looking after quality. As a rule, associations are

Fall of Eurozone Consumer Prices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fall of Eurozone Consumer Prices - Essay Example The district is simply recouping from the financial downturn that influenced the whole globe. A significant worry in the locale was that customers would pick to delay spending on venture openings, as they dread the descending winding into an all out financial downturn. So what actions is the European Central Bank taking to forestall the region’s economy from encountering the antagonistic impacts of a fall in shopper costs? Mario Draghi, the President referenced that the bank was set to gather a gathering in Frankfurt, Germany to talk about forceful procedures planned for containing the fall in purchaser costs before it got unmanageable. Moreover, he derived that the supposed beginning of collapse was probably not going to occur; be that as it may, he didn't preclude it totally. Among the conceivable intercession methodologies the Bank was probably going to take was quantitative facilitating, which is like that embraced by the US Federal Reserve. Albeit dubious in the locale, this methodology demonstrated accommodating in animating the American economy. Quantitative facilitating involves the procedure by which a country’s Central Bank infuses cash into the country’s economy with the aim of overseeing swelling by expanding spendi ng by the private area. For this situation, the European Central Bank would buy monetary resources, for example, government securities utilizing cash it has makes. It is critical to take note of that the cash utilized in this procedure isn't unmistakable cash, as it is produced electronically. Contentions against the utilization of Quantitative Easing are as per the following.

Persuasive Speech-Problem & Solution Design Essay

Powerful Speech-Problem and Solution Design - Essay Example Marriage is regularly characterized as the joining of two individuals of the period willingly and volition. Along these lines, paying little heed to culture legally binding associations (regularly alluded to as marriage) are perceived by the law of the state in each country on the substance of the planet. Kid marriage is where kids are exposed to marriage before they have accomplished the legitimate marriage age. In the Middle East almost 50% of Yemeni young ladies are hitched before they arrive at eighteen years old. In certain examples, relationships happen even before the youthful age of 8. The law in Yemen set the base age at one that is endorsed for union with be 15 years; in any case, conventional traditions as a general rule constantly spurn this law. 1. This is expected to a limited extent to the way that the law was constantly deciphered diversely by various people, the laws was changed in 1999 to permit marriage simply after the point in time wherein a young lady arrived at the time of pubescence. Nonetheless, the issue with the adjustment in the law implied that numerous inborn seniors deciphered adolescence to be as ahead of schedule as the age of 9. In the real practice, it very well may be said that the law in Yemen permits ladies of all ages to have the option to marry, yet it is illegal to rehearse sex with them until they accomplish the age where it is presently viewed as appropriate to do as such. 2. The law was later to be raised from the base period of union with be 18 years after a young lady, Nujood Ali, 10 years old, in April 2008 had the option to be allowed separate effectively in the wake of being assaulted under the set conditions. A lot later in 2008, a gathering for maternal consideration and youth built up a proposition for the base age to be characterized at 18 years and was passed as law in April 2009. In any case, this law was to be dropped the following day after moves by parliamentarians contradicted to it, and exchanges are as yet continuous for the enactment to be

Understanding Term Paper Writer

Understanding Term Paper Writer Although, at the identical time, it isn't permitted to rewrite such sources in academic term papers. The paper is going to be written based on your instructions and academic standards. Your paper can receive the attention it must help you meet academic expectations. Whichever the discipline you're undertaking, you must craft an exceptional paper to acquire your preferred grade. The Little-Known Secrets to Term Paper Writer Prior to making a choice, it is crucial to be positive regarding the simple fact that the topic you've stumbled upon is researchable and can be studied within the stipulated deadline you're given. In case you have any issue choosing the right title, your writer can help you at no price tag. Also, the quantity of pay that the writer receives may be quite inconsistent, due to which they can't rely completely on writing as a steady supply of revenue. 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Implicit Bias What It Means and How It Affects Behavior

An implicit bias is any unconsciously-held set of associations about  a social group. Implicit biases can  result in the attribution of particular qualities to all individuals from that group, also known as stereotyping. Implicit biases are the product of learned associations and social conditioning. They often  begin at a young age, and most people are unaware that they hold them. Importantly, these biases do not necessarily align with personal identity. Its possible to unconsciously associate positive or negative  traits with one’s own race, gender, or background. The Implicit Association Test Social psychologists Mahzarin Banaji and Tony Greenwald first coined the term implicit bias in the 1990s. In 1995, they published their theory of implicit social cognition, which asserted that  individuals social behavior and biases are largely related to unconscious, or implicit, judgments. The term grew in popularity in 1998, when Banaji and Greenwald developed the well-known Implicit Association Test (IAT) to confirm their hypothesis. The IAT test assessed the strength of unconscious biases through a computer program. Subjects were asked to observe a screen that displayed a  series of faces from different racial backgrounds and a series of positive and negative words. Researchers told the subjects to click on the positive words when they saw a face from racial background X, and the negative words when they saw a face from racial background Y. Then, they reversed the association and had subjects repeat the process.   The researchers argued that clicking more quickly meant that the subject had a greater unconscious association. In other words, quickly clicking happy when viewing a certain face meant that the individual had a close unconscious association between the positive trait and the race. A slower click time means that the individual had more difficulty associating that the positive trait with the race. Over time, the IAT has been replicated successfully in multiple subsequent trials, demonstrating its efficacy in proving implicit bias. In addition to racial bias, the test has also been used successfully to assess implicit bias related to gender and sexual orientation. Effects of Implicit Bias Holding an implicit bias towards a particular social group can determine how you treat an individual from that group.  Implicit biases affect human behavior  throughout society, including in classrooms, workplaces, and the legal system. Effects in the Classroom Implicit bias  affects how teachers treat students in the classroom. Research conducted by the Yale Child Study Center found that black children, particularly black boys, are more likely to be expelled and suspended from preschool for challenging behavior than white children. The research also found that, when primed to look for such challenging behavior, teachers tended to look longer at black children, particularly boys. The results suggested that implicit racial bias affects educational access and achievement in the classroom. Implicit bias results in an effect called stereotype threat, which occurs when  an individual internalizes negative stereotypes about a group to which they belong. Researchers demonstrated this effect through a standardized test study. Black and white college students with similar SAT scores were given a 30-minute college-level standardized test. Half of the students were told that the test measured intelligence, while the other group was told that the test was a problem-solving activity that did not correspond to ability. In the first group, black students performed less well than their white peers; in the second group, black students performance was equal to that of their white peers. The researchers concluded that the first group had been affected by stereotype threat when the researchers stated that the test measured intelligence. Similar results have also been found when comparing female and male performance on math exams. Effects in the Workplace Although explicit forms of workplace discrimination are banned in most developed countries, implicit bias plays a significant role in the professional world. Studies have shown that identical resumes  receive a different number of callbacks depending on the name at the top of the document. Across all industries, resumes with a name commonly associated with black individuals received fewer callbacks than those with names associated with white individuals.  Comparable implicit bias has also been shown in relation to gender and age. Effects in the Legal System Implicit bias has a significant impact on the legal system. Evidence suggests that black defendants are more likely to be treated harshly in the courtroom than white defendants. Prosecutors are more likely to charge black defendants and less likely to offer them plea bargains. Plea bargains offered to white defendants tend to be more generous than those offered to black or Latino defendants. Furthermore, juries are more likely to exhibit bias against defendants of a race different from the racial background of the majority of the jury. IAT tests have shown implicit associations between the words black and guilty. Implicit Bias vs. Racism Implicit bias and racism are related concepts, but they do not have the same meaning. Implicit bias is an unconsciously held set of associations about a particular group. Racism is prejudice against individuals from a specific racial group and can be either explicit or implicit. Implicit bias can lead to implicitly racist behavior, like when a teacher disciplines black children more harshly than white children, but many individuals harbor implicit biases without ever displaying overt racism. By becoming aware of our own implicit biases and actively resisting them, we can avoid perpetuating harmful racist stereotypes and prejudices.   Sources Anselmi, Pasquale, et al. â€Å"Implicit Sexual Attitude of Heterosexual, Gay and Bisexual Individuals: Disentangling the Contribution of Specific Associations to the Overall Measure.† PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 11, 2013, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078990.Correll, Shelley, and Stephen Benard. â€Å"Gender and Racial Bias in Hiring.† Penn Office of the Provost, University of Pennsylvania, 21 Mar. 2006, provost.upenn.edu/uploads/media_items/gender-racial-bias.original.pdf.Greenwald, Anthony G, et al. â€Å"Measuring Individual Differences in Implicit Cognition: The Implicit Association Test.† Journal of Personality and Soclal Psychology, vol. 74, no. 6, 1998, pp. 1464–1480., faculty.washington.edu/agg/pdf/Gwald_McGh_Schw_JPSP_1998.OCR.pdf.â€Å"How The Concept Of Implicit Bias Came Into Being.† NPR, National Public Radio, Inc., 17 Oct. 2016, www.npr.org/2016/10/17/498219482/how-the-concept-of-implicit-bias-came-into-being.Kang, Jerry Bennett, Mark Carbado , Devon Casey, Pamela Dasgupta, Nilanjana Faigman, David D. Godsil, Rachel G. Greenwald, Anthony Levinson, Justin Mnookin, Jennifer.. â€Å"Implicit Bias in the Courtroom.† UCLA Law Review, vol 59, no. 5, February 2012, pp. 1124-1186. ResearchGate,  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256016531_Implicit_Bias_in_the_CourtroomPayne, Keith. â€Å"How to Think about ‘Implicit Bias.’† Scientific American, Macmillan Publishers Ltd, 27 Mar. 2018, www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-think-about-implicit-bias/.â€Å"Stereotype Threat Widens Achievement Gap.† American Psychological Association, American Psychological Association, 15 July 2006, www.apa.org/research/action/stereotype.aspx.White, Michael J., and Gwendolen B. White. â€Å"Implicit and Explicit Occupational Gender Stereotypes.† Sex Roles, vol. 55, no. 3-4, Aug. 2006, pp. 259–266., doi:10.1007/s11199-006-9078-z.Wittenbrink, Bernd, et al. â€Å"Evidence for Racial Prejudice at the Implicit Level and Its Relationship with Questionnaire Measures.† Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 72, no. 2, Feb. 1997, pp. 262–274. PsychInfo, American Psychological Association, psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi10.1037/0022-3514.72.2.262.Young, Yolanda. â€Å"Teachers Implicit Bias against Black Students Starts in Preschool, Study Finds.† The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 4 Oct. 2016, www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/04/black-students-teachers-implicit-racial-bias-preschool-study. Guardian Media Group

The Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood - 1140 Words

he Handmaid’s Tale is a modernist novel by Margaret Atwood. It explores a dystopian future in which society has become an extreme hierarchy. Each individual has been assigned a role with it’s own regulations, which if not met lead to the person s disposal. Offred, the main character, has known a time when life was still ‘normal’ but as society changed she had to take on the role of a Handmaid. A Handmaid’s purpose is to be impregnated and bear children for her superiors. Do not go gentle into that good night is a poem by Dylan Thomas. He too discusses the theme of purpose, but in a very different way. Both use structure, characterization, and imagery to provide a wide perspective on the theme of purpose. Theme:†¦show more content†¦Structure: Each text has a distinctive structure. The Handmaid’s Tale is formless, disjointed for the most part. It is organized into non-chronological chapters because it is written in the mind of someone, a first draft, a thought process structured only by contemplation and mental revision. Offred puts this into words, saying that it’s a story â€Å"I’m telling, in my head, as I go along.† She tells a story of an extremely structured society, in a very unstructured way. The poem is the opposite. It’s a call to action, written in the form of the Villanelle - a form with a set number of lines, rhyme scheme, and line repetition. Dylan Thomas is not telling a story as much as he is making a statement, a command to keep on fighting. The types of people mentioned are there to reinforce this point, but they are not central to the poem. While The Handmaid’s Tale is written by an observer from the inside out, Do not go gentle into that good night is written from the outside looking in. Both make a statement on life, and purpose, using structure to support their perspective. Kassian Houben Characterization: The Handmaid’s Tale , focuses on at least one character from each ‘class’ The classes are: Angels, Aunts, Commanders, Econowifes, Guardians, Handmaids, Marthas, Wifes, and outcasts. By doing this, the author gives us an idea of the way different people deal with the situation, how they find meaning. Moira is an outcast. She goesShow MoreRelatedThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1357 Words   |  6 PagesOxford definition: â€Å"the advocacy of women s rights on the ground of the equality of the sexes† (Oxford dictionary). In the novel The Handmaid’s Tale, Margaret Atwood explores feminism through the themes of women’s bodies as political tools, the dynamics of rape culture and the society of complacency. Margaret Atwood was born in 1939, at the beginning of WWII, growing up in a time of fear. In the autumn of 1984, when she began writing The Handmaid’s Tale, she was living in West Berlin. The BerlinRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1249 Words   |  5 PagesDystopian Research Essay: The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood In the words of Erika Gottlieb With control of the past comes domination of the future. A dystopia reflects and discusses major tendencies in contemporary society. The Handmaid s Tale is a dystopian novel written by Margaret Atwood in 1985. The novel follows its protagonist Offred as she lives in a society focused on physical and spiritual oppression of the female identity. Within The Handmaid s Tale it is evident that through the explorationRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1060 Words   |  5 Pagesideologies that select groups of people are to be subjugated. The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood plays on this idea dramatically: the novel describes the oppression of women in a totalitarian theocracy. Stripped of rights, fertile women become sex objects for the politically elite. These women, called the Handmaids, are forced to cover themselves and exist for the sole purpose of providing children. The Handmaid’s Tale highlights the issue of sexism while also providing a cruel insight into theRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1659 Words   |  7 Pagesbook The Handmaid s Tale by Margaret Atwood, the foremost theme is identity, due to the fact that the city where the entire novel takes place in, the city known as the Republic of Gilead, often shortened to Gilead, strips fertile women of their identities. Gilead is a society that demands the women who are able to have offspring be stripped of all the identity and rights. By demeaning these women, they no longer view themselves as an individual, but rather as a group- the group of Handmaids. It isRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1237 Words   |  5 Pages The display of a dystopian society is distinctively shown in The Handmaid’s Tale, by Margaret Atwood. Featuring the Republic of Gilead, women are categorized by their differing statuses and readers get an insight into this twisted society through the lenses of the narrator; Offred. Categorized as a handmaid, Offred’s sole purpose in living is to simply and continuously play the role of a child-bearing vessel. That being the case, there is a persistent notion that is relatively brought up by thoseRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1548 Words   |  7 PagesIn Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, The theme of gender, sexuality, and desire reigns throughout the novel as it follows the life of Offred and other characters. Attwood begins the novel with Offred, a first person narrator who feels as if she is misplaced when she is describing her sleeping scenery at the decaying school gymnasium. The narrator, Offred, explains how for her job she is assigned to a married Commander’s house where she is obligated to have sex with him on a daily basis, so thatRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale, By Margaret Atwood1629 Words   |  7 Pages Atwood s novel, The Handmaid s Tale depicts a not too futuristic society of Gilead, a society that overthrows the U.S. Government and institutes a totalitarian regime that seems to persecute women specifically. Told from the main character s point of view, Offred, explains the Gilead regime and its patriarchal views on some women, known as the handmaids, to a purely procreational function. The story is set the present tense in Gilead but frequently shifts to flashbacks in her time at the RedRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1256 Words   |  6 Pageshappened to Jews in Germany, slaves during Christopher Columbus’s days, slaves in the early 1900s in America, etc. When people systematically oppress one another, it leads to internal oppression of the oppressed. This is evident in Margaret Atwood’s book, The Handmaid’s Tale. This dystopian fiction book is about a young girl, Offred, who lives in Gilead, a dystopian society. Radical feminists complained about their old lifestyles, so in Gilead laws and rules are much different. For example, men cannotRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1540 Words   |  7 Pages Name: Nicole. Zeng Assignment: Summative written essay Date:11 May, 2015. Teacher: Dr. Strong. Handmaid’s Tale The literary masterpiece The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood, is a story not unlike a cold fire; hope peeking through the miserable and meaningless world in which the protagonist gets trapped. The society depicts the discrimination towards femininity, blaming women for their low birth rate and taking away the right from the females to be educated ,forbidding them from readingRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1667 Words   |  7 Pagesrhetorical devices and figurative language, that he or she is using. The Handmaid’s Tale, which is written by Margaret Atwood, is the novel that the author uses several different devices and techniques to convey her attitude and her points of view by running the story with a narrator Offred, whose social status in the Republic of Gilead is Handmaid and who is belongings of the Commander. Atwood creates her novel The Handmaid’s Tale to be more powerful tones by using imagery to make a visibleness, hyperbole

Digital Tools for Digital Security Guide- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theDigital Tools for Digital Security Guide. Answer: Digital Security Guide The world is becoming smaller day by day due to the growing interconnectivity between different parts of the world. This is all because of internet. However, even though there are lot of benefits of internet at the present day, it does prove as a major threat at the present age. Thus, this digital security guide has been created for the employees. Passwords It is crucial that the passwords created by the employees are effective and secure. In this matter, there is a need for the password to be alphanumeric with symbols as such passwords cannot be hacked. Also, the individuals should refrain from using their date of births as passwords as these are easily cracked (Nahari Krutz, 2017). Credibility of Website Such websites should be avoided which are not secured and this can be inferred from the green or red mark in the box where the URL of a website is written. Also, the websites which have proper trademarks, and are active are credible, and the ones like Wikipedia or the blogs are not deemed as credible websites as the matter on these sites can be altered by anyone (Nahari Krutz, 2017). Some key terms Spams are the unsolicited messages which can be easily spotted and can damage the system on which the same is opened or is responded from. Phishing are the emails sent by internet criminal which are disguised as email from trustworthy or legitimate source. The purpose is to lure the person in revealing confidential information. Spoofing refers to the criminals who impersonate other organizations or individuals for getting confidential information. Pharming refers to malicious websites which seem to be legitimate ones. It is advised to employees to stay away from such and where they doubt the authenticity of any communication, they should refrain from opening them (Texas Tech University, 2017). Password managers Password manager helps in generating and also in retrieving the complex passwords, particularly the ones in encrypted database. The advantages include the capacity of being easily incorporated in the softwares, no need of extensive modifications in computers and users being familiar with use of passwords. However, these are vulnerable, and can be blocked which make them useless (Nahari Krutz, 2017). Example of secure network Examples of network security include antivirus and antimalware softwares, application security, firewalls and network segmentation (Cisco, 2017). Encryption Encryption refers to the process whereby messages or information are encoded in such a manner that they can only be accessed by authorized parties. It does not prevent interferences and instead denies the important content to a possible interceptor. When it comes to encryption, there is a need for a successful encryption strategy to be used by the employees (O'Leary, Nelson, Green Grahn, 2017). The employees are also required to ensure that the encryption key is not provided to any third party, as the same can be used to gaining an access to the encrypted network. Denial of Service attack Denial of service attack is a kind of cyber attack in which the perpetrator attempts to make the network resource or a machine unavailable to the user of such device or resource in either temporary or indefinite manner of the host. It typically floods the servers, networks or systems with traffic in order to overwhelm the system of the victim and make it inaccessible. The employees should keep a lookout for such attacks and any suspicion of the same should be raised immediately. They should deploy the defence techniques in advance to save from such incidents, which includes firewalls and IPS based prevention (Nahari Krutz, 2017). Cloud computing Cloud computing refers to the information technology paradigm through which the omnipresent access to the shared pools of high level services and configurable system resources is enabled particularly the one which can be provisioned with minimalistic efforts over the internet. It is the general term which is used to refer to the delivery of hosted services on internet. In third party clouds, the companies are able to focus on their main business instead of having to expend their resources on infrastructure and maintenance of computers. The employees can share the resources for attaining economies of scale and coherence. It allows the employees to access information across different locations and devices (Davidi, 2013). Best practices in cloud computing The best practices in cloud computing includes the following: Creating a strategy and set of objectives before hand, so that a long term cloud strategy is articulated which relates to the overall business. Learning from the mistakes of others Avoiding upfront costs Being serious autonomy Addressing security concerns Ensuring availability and performance of data (ESJ, 2009). References Cisco. (2017). What Is Network Security? Retrieved from: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/security/what-is-network-security.html Davidi, A. (2013). How is cloud computing enhancing our ability to work anywhere? Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/media-network/media-network-blog/2013/dec/18/cloud-enhancing-work-anywhere-flexible ESJ. (2009). Seven Best Practices for Cloud Computing. Retrieved from: https://esj.com/Articles/2009/08/18/Cloud-Best-Practices.aspx?Page=2 Nahari, H., Krutz, R. L. (2011).Web commerce security: design and development. West Sussex: John Wiley Sons. O'Leary, D., Nelson, J., Green, P., Grahn, A. (2017). 7 Key Elements of a Successful Encryption Strategy. Retrieved from: https://focus.forsythe.com/articles/364/7-Key-Elements-of-a-Successful-Encryption-Strategy Texas Tech University. (2017). Scams Spam, Phishing, Spoofing and Pharming. Retrieved from: https://www.ttu.edu/cybersecurity/lubbock/digital-life/digital-identity/scams-spam-phishing-spoofing-pharming.php

Evaluate the Effectiveness of Law Reform in Dealing with Defences to Criminal Charges in the Criminal Justice System free essay sample

Where an attacker loses control based on the actions or the words of the deceased person and where those action could have induced an â€Å"ordinary person† to lose self control Partial defence to murder, if successful, reduces charge to manslaughter Controversial Male partners abusing this defence in domestic violence cases where spouses have been killed If completely abolished battered women will be disadvantaged Gay panic cases Evidence Changing provocation law could legitimise lethal acts of domestic violence SMH 21 Oct 2013 †¢Under the proposed reform, the defence will be significantly restricted and will be renamed the partial defence of extreme provocation. (Committee report) †¢Reform follows on from the April 2013 release of the Final Report of the Select Committee of the NSW Parliamentary Inquiry into the operation of the partial defence of provocation †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Without provocation, vulnerable defendants would be convicted of murder and risk long terms of imprisonment. † (Problem) †¢In the most controversial cases, men who have killed a female intimate partner in response to a relationship separation or an alleged confession of infidelity have been able to avoid a conviction for murder by arguing that it was the non-violent conduct of the victim that provoked them to kill. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluate the Effectiveness of Law Reform in Dealing with Defences to Criminal Charges in the Criminal Justice System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Evidence Crimes Amendment (Provocation) Bill 2013 (NSW) †¢Partial Defence of Extreme Provocation The defence will now require the provocative conduct on part of the victim to be a serious indictable offence Advantage to battered women Evidence Green v The Queen 1997 HCA †¢This is a gay panic case †¢The use of the provocation defence in â€Å"gay panic† cases has been abolished as a non-violent sexual advance can never constitute â€Å"extreme provocation† Evidence R v Singh 2012 NSWSC Evidence Finding Reason for Taking a Life SMH 1-2 Sep 2012 †¢About 10pm on December 29, 2009, Manpreet Kaur was killed by her husband, Chamanjot Singh. (there were incidents DV before Manpreet had told at least two people) †¢Singhs defence managed to establish he had been provoked into losing control by his wife threatening to leave him, have him deported, and by an angry phone call from her brother-in-law in India that same night. †¢In his sentencing remarks on June 7, 2012, the judge described the attack as ferocious and brutal. The walls were splattered with blood and an autopsy showed that Kaur had been strangled before her throat was repeatedly slit with a box cutter. †¢But according to the verdict, Singh was not a murderer. (Injustice to victim family) †¢Because of the successful defence, Singh was jailed for a minimum of six years †¢Sentence sparked an uproar, a womans words to a violent husband could somehow justify a fatal attack. †¢The least that this Parliament can do for Manpreet Kaur and her family is to review the laws and to bring about changes that will give the community confidence that the law reflects community views, said Labor MLC Helen Westwood on June 14, calling for an inquiry. Law reform will ensure that husbands do not use the defence of provocation to justify the murder of women. (Will it really? ) †¢It was argued that abolishing provocation risked consequences that many politicians and domestic violence activists, who had cheered the inquiry, would be  uncomfortable with. Attempting to uphold the rights of women against violent men could, in this instance, also disadvantage battered women. Evidence The Partial Defence Of Provocation Final Report on 23/04/2013 by the NSW parliamentary Select Committee on the Partial Defence of Provocation †¢The Select Committee on the Partial Defence of Provocation is a current select committee of the Legislative Council, established 14 Ju ne 2012, and ended 23 April 2013 †¢Only one year of deliberation †¢Bill is based on the 11 recommendations for the NSW gov. (all amendments are to the Crimes Act 1900) Recommendations (the views of the people/society): 1. Provide clear direction to assist prosecutors in determining the appropriate charge to lay against defendants (especially if there history of violence towards the defendant) 2. Make an amendment similar to Vic Crimes Act 1958 explicitly provide that evidence of family violence may be adduced in homicide matters (DV as brought forward as evidence). (3. )Have the Attorney General examine the appropriateness of existing provisions with a view to improving protection for victims and their families while also ensuring that legitimate social framework evidence is able to be admitted 4. Amendment to rename the partial defence ‘the partial defence of gross provocation’. 5. Have the defence is only available in circumstances where the defendant acted in response to ‘gross provocation’ 6. Ensure that the defence is not available to defendants who: †¢ incite a response to provide an excuse to respond with violence †¢ respond to a non-violent sexual advance by the victim 7. Introduce an amendment to ensure that the partial defence is not available to defendants, other than in circumstances of a most extreme and exceptional character if there was a domestic relationship, unlawful killing, result of ending/changing/revealing/taunting etc. relationships (ie. Caught in the act, revealing infidelity etc. ), parenting arrangements for children 8. Amendment so that self-induced intoxication during the time of the act or omission resulting in death is to be disregarded (therefore cannot blame act on drunkenness/substantial impairment of the mind) 9. Amendment so that a judge should not be required to leave the defence to the jury unless there is evidence on which a reasonable jury, properly directed, could conclude that it might apply 10. NSW government develop and implement an education package on the nature and dynamics of domestic and family violence targeting the legal sector and the community more broadly 11. Attorney General issue a reference to the NSW Law Reform Commission, requiring that it undertake a comprehensive review of the law of homicide and homicide defences in NSW, including reforms made in accordance with the recommendations in this report, to commence at the end of five years from the date of this report (massive time delay, not effective for new cases)

American Foreign Policy During the Cold War Essays - Free Essays

American Foreign Policy During the Cold War Essays - Free Essays American Foreign Policy During the Cold War Assess the impact of American foreign policy in bringing about the Cold War. Assess the impact of American foreign policy in bringing about the Cold War. The Cold War, distinct for its sustained military and political tensions, dominated global politics for over half a century; therefore, it is not surprising that its origins has been one of the most debated topics in not only the study of American diplomatic history but the world. The Cold War was more as a result of American foreign policy, as by establishing a policy that aimed to prevent the spread of communism it provoked Soviet aggression which as a result set the foundations of intensified tension among two of the world greatest superpowers. In this respect American foreign policy undeniably impacted on the Cold War; a view supported by historians such as William A.Williams. Alternatively, other historians have also increasingly come to a consensus that the Cold War was fundamentally a conflict of diverging ideologies as expressed by John Lewis Gaddis neither superpower can be held solely responsible for the ideological war. That said other factors such as the growing lack of t rust and post-war tension among both superpowers, emphasised in the post-revisionist theory, and the Soviet expansionist policies were also influential in bringing about the Cold War. Nonetheless the importance of American foreign policy in bringing about the Cold War cannot be undermined, as due to its fundamental shift from a long standing effort to reach agreements to a determination to limit Russias expansionism, it increased American involvement and as a result escalated tensions among both superpowers. In a letter from the then Secretary of Commerce, Henry A.Wallace urged Truman to build mutual trust and confidence in order to achieve an enduring international order. He also gave a speech which focused on the necessity of a political understanding with Russia, and that capitalist and communist systems should compete on a friendly basis and gradually become more alike. However the way in which Trumans administration reacted to Wallaces speech by dismissing him, symbolises the distance American foreign policy had moved since the close of World War II. This shift in dynamics of American foreign policy is marked by the use of policies such as the Marshall Plan but in particular the Truman Doctrine, which not only acted as an intrusive intervention into European affairs but also an indirect attack on the Soviet Union. Trumans motives could be numerous, as in addressing the Congress he may have exaggerated Soviet threat, in order to secure the funds. Nonetheless it did in fact have the desired effect as Truman managed to convince both the Congress and the American people, which were isolationist and averse to spending U.S. dollars on a remote region that did not seem to fit into U.S. strategic need. Therefore whilst Truman promised salvation to the world he intentionally took it upon the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures. That said, the official justification for the Truman Doctrine was to support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent their falling into the Soviet sphere. However Stalin was not interested in aiding Greek communist cause as whilst Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Albania provided assistance to the Greek communist guerrillas Stalin wanted, in fact, to cap Titos ambitions. This shows how the belief of a Soviet threat that shaped the Truman Doctrine was based on false assumptions. Moreover the fact that the Soviet Union had been less aggressive in the months before the presidents announcement than any time in the post-war period strengthens the contradictory nature of the Truman doctrine. Consequently the impact of the Truman Doctrine exemplifies the significance of American foreign policy in bringing about the Cold War and also leading to a growth of U.S involvement in international relations, since the Doctrine was later used to justify American intervention in the affairs of other sovereign states. In a wider context the Doctrine symbolises the United States post-world war II global leadership role, as the drastic change in strategies translated into Americas foreign policy deepened tensio ns that ultimately brought about the Cold War. Conversely, the Soviet Union

Was the urbanization good for south America Essay

Was the urbanization good for south America - Essay Example Thousands of people flocked into America to escape, political oppression they faced in their home countries. Between 1881 and 1890 alone, there were a total of 5,246,613 immigrants who had arrived in America (McKelvey, 1963). As the urban areas grew in size and a number, there were a number of negative social, political and economic effects which were associated with it. The discussion in this paper discusses some of the problems associated with urbanization during the late 19th century. (Wakstein, 1990) The main problem of urbanization during the 19th century was the poor or lack of planning in the cities. The urbanization in America was mainly accelerated by migration of people, industrialization and technology. The spiral increase in the population did not give government authorities enough time to plan and budget for the increasing numbers (Ghadar&Loughran, 2014). Lack of poor infrastructure and planning resulted to a number of social problems which includes; a number of basic services like police and fire departments were; inadequate disposal system; there was a huge sanitation problem; lack of hospitals and medical facilities; and the geometric growth of the population. (Wakstein, 1990) There was constant increase in the cases of reported crime in the urban centers. The constant growth in the population, together with reduced police control proved a challenge for the police to control incidences of criminal acts in the cities. Thieves took the advantage of the teeming masses in the cities to rob people. The consumption of alcoholic drinks and other drugs as people tried to escape drudgery and boredom of their daily lives. There was increased violence which included number of people who were murdered in the cities. The incidences of child labor also went high. (McKelvey, 1963) With the upsurge in the number of people who were flocking the urban cities to

'Information systems have revolutionised the way we work'. Critically Essay - 1

'Information systems have revolutionised the way we work'. Critically discuss this statement using two concepts from the mod - Essay Example Information systems control almost all aspects of an organization’s management ranging from planning, controlling, co-coordinating, and recruiting of new staff. The technology also s companies to conduct business in virtual locations within the cyber space. Information systems have also created new challenges to businesses; for example, hacking and identity theft, which are the commonest cyber crimes (Panigraphy, 2010). Therefore, understanding of the way information systems have revolutionized the way businesses work is critical in the digital age. This study will focus on creation of virtual organizations and reduction of bureaucratic inefficiencies as the main ways through which information systems have changed the working of firms. Virtual Organizations Virtual organizations refer to those that carry out business in implicit environments that have no physical locations. These companies use computers, information systems, and the internet in carrying out all their functions . The offices of such companies are paperless and the non-physical offices are assumed to be in the cloud (Winfan, & Davis, 2005). These companies do not have boundaries in their workplace in terms of the employees they recruit and the regions they reach. This is because cyber space allows them to employ workers and reach customers from all regions of the world. Amazon, Google, and E-bay are examples of virtual companies that sell their products and services through virtual offices, and their workers are located in every corner of the world. The existence of virtual organizations may be explained by the theory of social determinism, which argues that technology changes the society. This is because if it were not for the development in technology, these firms would not be in existence (Laudon, & Babston, 2013). Corporate Culture of Virtual Organizations Corporate culture determines the success of a company because it creates a notion of how activities should be conducted in the organ ization. Existing and outgoing employees of a company usually pass the organization’s culture to newly employed workers. The corporate culture of implicit organizations differs from physical companies because it requires workers and managers to possess characteristics such as trust, valuable leadership skills, and efficient communication (Hess, 1995). Trust is an essential factor in virtual organizations because it enhances managers to manage employees who work in different locations. This means that the lack of trust in these companies may prevent the firms from performing their functions efficiently leading to poor performance. Efficient leadership and communication skills, on the other hand, also help in ensuring that there is cooperation and coordination in the company (Clegg, Harris, & Hopfl, 2011). Lack of these qualities in a virtual company may lead to the breakdown of activities. Working Techniques used in Virtual Organizations Virtual organizations use unique techni ques to bring workers together and to ensure that work is completed efficiently. These companies mainly use telecommuting to complete their jobs. Telecommuting is where workers are connected to the organization by information systems that operate through the internet. Managers connect with employees through emails and telephones

Book of Sand Essay Example for Free

Book of Sand Essay 1.The book had affected the narrator to a great extent. At first he did not care for the book, until the stranger selling Bibles said â€Å"the number of pages in this book is literally infinite. No page is the first page; no page is the last†. This intrigued the narrator’s mind. After he had bought the book, he began investigating. He noted down things in the book. He began losing sleep from the investigation and when he actually got sleep, his dreams were about the book. As it states in the short story, â€Å"At night, during the rare intervals spared me by insomnia, I dreamed of the book†. He had grown an obsession with the book, which altered his lifestyle and forced him to hide the book in the library. 2.The literary device that the author uses to compare the book and himself to was a metaphor. When the narrator said, â€Å"it was cold consolation to think that I, who looked upon it with my eye and fondled it with my ten flesh-and-bone fingers, was no less monstrous than the book†, this proved that he was comparing himself to the monstrous book. The meaning and significance of this metaphor states that he was no different from the book. His mind was now as dense and endless. The book carried infinite secrets and toyed with its readers. As it stated in the short story, â€Å"I felt it was a nightmare thing, an obscene thing, and that it defiled and corrupted reality†. The narrator felt that the deadly secrets that emanated from the book were all getting to his head. His fear of infinite evil caused him to hide the demonic book and run away from the eternal thoughts. 3.In the short story, â€Å"The Book of Sand† by Jorge Luis Borges, the narrator states that he had become a â€Å"prisoner of the book†. This is evidently shown when he obsessively investigates the book. He barely slept because all he could think about was the book, and he barely left his house. As it’s shown, â€Å"I had but few friends left, and those I stopped seeing. A prisoner of the book, I hardly left my house†. He became isolated and trapped in the secrets and mystery of the book. 4.The salesman’s previous warning to the narrator about the book as he stated, â€Å"Look at it well. You will never see it again†, had come true in this short story. The book was infinite, full of endless amounts of illustrations and had no beginning or end. When the narrator said, â€Å"They never repeated themselves†, this proved that it was impossible for anyone to revisit the same page. Therefore the salesman’s previous warning had come true. 5.The author of the short story, Jorge Luis Borges, illustrates the idea of giving up the things we should have valued but instead take for granted for the sole purpose of pleasing one’s obsession to obtain things that will end up destroying humanity regardless of the fulfillment of curiosity. In the beginning, the narrator didn’t seem to care about The Book of Sand. It was not until the salesman had said that it had infinite pages that caught the attention of the narrator. He now wanted the book and would pay a great amount for it. When the narrator offered a trade, â€Å"I will offer you the full sum of my pension. . . and Wyclif’s black-letter Bible†, it proved that he would give up his valuables to get a hold of that book, which little did he know would actually destroy him. He grew an obsession for the book. As it states in the story, â€Å"At night, during the rare intervals spared me by insomnia, I dreamed of the book†. This provides evidence of the fact that he had been so extremely fixated on the diabolical book that even when his body was asleep, his mind was still obsessing over it. When he realizes the mistake he made, giving into his curiosity, he decides to get rid of the monstrous book. However at this point he had already lost his friends and the things he valued. The book had taken up a great extent of his time that could not be taken back, because unlike The Book of Sand, his life was not infinite. 6.The literary device used is a metaphor. I think this because when the narrator says â€Å"the best place to hide a leaf is in the forest†, he is referring to a way to hide The Book of Sand. At first he considered destroying the evil thing. Although he thought that the â€Å"burning of an infinite book might be similarly infinite, and suffocate the planet in smoke†. Therefore he thought to hide the book in plain sight. Hiding a leaf in the forest is like hiding a book in a library. He hid the book on one of the library’s damp shelves in the basement and tried not to notice where exactly he put it. He did this so he and anyone else wouldn’t be able to find the monstrous book. He didn’t want to be a â€Å"prisoner of the book† anymore. The book had ruined his life and took away time, the most precious thing we have in life. He didn’t want to be trapped by the isolation of the book and so he hid it where it could never be found.

Martin Luther Essay -- essays research papers fc

Martin Luther lived from 1483-1546. Luther was born on November 10, 1483 in Eisleben in the province of Saxony. His protestant view of Christianity started what was called the Protestant Reformation in Germany. Luther's intentions were to reform the medieval Roman Catholic Church. But firm resistance from the church towards Luther's challenge made way to a permanent division in the structure of Western Christianity.Luther lived in Mansfield and was the son of a miner. He later went on to study at Eisenbach and Magdeburg. After studying at these institutions he moved on to study at the University of Erfurt. Luther started out studying law, but then went on to enter the religious life. He went into the religious life due to the fact that he felt that he would never earn his eternal salvation. He didn't feel that all of the prayer, studying and sacraments were enough. Therefore, Luther felt that he would never be able to satisfy such a judging God. Not being able to satisfy this God meant eternal damnation. After entering the religious life he later became an Augustinian monk and entered the Augustinian monastery at Erfurt in July of 1505. While in this monastery Luther became a well known theologian and Biblical scholar. In 1512 Luther earned his doctorate in theology and became a professor of Biblical literature at Wittenberg University.Luther took his religious vocation very serious. This led him into a severe crisis in dealing with his religion. He wondered, "is it possible to reconcile the demands of God's law with human inability to live up to the law." Luther then turned to the New Testament book of Romans for answers. He had found, "God had, in the obedience of Jesus Christ, reconciled humanity to himself." "What was required of mankind, therefore, was not strict adherence to law or the fulfillment of religious obligations, but a response of faith that accepted what God had done." In other words he realized that religion is based on love and not fear. Basically, he realized that everyone is burdened by sin because it happens as a result of our weaknesses. He concluded that man could never earn his salvation by leading a blameless life or by performing holy acts. Instead, man's salvation was a divine gift from God resulting from faith in Jesus, especially the saving power of his death and resurrection. This was known ... ...accuracy and true meaning of the Word. He felt that the Roman Catholic Church preferred the Papal authority of the Church above God's Word. How did Luther define faith? Luther defines faith as the absence of all good works. What were Luther's objections to the Pope and other church officials? He felt that the Pope and other officials of the Catholic Church had no knowledge or comprehension of the Bible or had ever even read it. They were wicked people who were preoccupied with wealth and power, but who never considered accomplishing God's will. What political and social implications came as a result of Luther's teachings? His teachings caused a revolt among the German peasants. They also caused separation within the Catholic Church. How did Protestantism encourage people to view religion on an individual basis? Protestantism encouraged people individually to decide what they needed to do to be saved. This caused people to stray away from traditional beliefs. Bibliography.(Martin Luther). Compton's. 1998 Vol. 4(Martin Luther). The World Book of Knowledge. 1996 Vol. 9Andrea, Alfred J., & Overfeild, James H. (1998). The Human Record (3rd ed.). New York: Houghton Miffin Co.

Is Bottled Water Safer than Tap Water?

The question on whether on whether bottled water is safer for drinking than tap water is marked with many controversies and therefore it is a subject of discussion. This paper seeks to discuss reasons as to why bottled water is not safer than tap water. The National Resource Defense Council confirmed that the rules regulating bottled water were not sufficient to guarantee the people’s safety. The food and drug administration was responsible for the bottled water at national levels and allowed carbonated water (NRDC, 2008).Further to this, bottled water is not often tested for bacterial or any other contamination and this creates loop holes for unsafe water to be bottled. Bottled water has been confirmed by the Natural Resource Defense Council (NRDC) through a four year research review to be not necessarily safe. This research study was inclusive of the safety standards that regulate the bottled water industry in comparison with the national rules governing the tap water.The NR DC after carrying out test on over 1000 bottles come to the conclusion that a reasonable percentage of all bottled water was just tap water, which was not treated (NRDC, 2008). The fact that different water bottling companies exist and carry their bottling procedures differently need to be appreciated right at the beginning of this paper otherwise its content could be generalized unnecessarily. This is because as per the National Resource Defense council, some companies’ product was found to satisfy the safety rules but others proved to be contaminated by harmful chemicals which were put with an aim of improving test.Research studies have shown that plastic bottle which are commonly used for bottling water have some chemicals which can disassociate and leach into the water. These chemicals are known to affect testosterone which is a vital hormone in human beings. References Natural Resource Defense Council. (2008). Bringing Safe Water to the World. Retrieved August 11, 2010, from http://www. nrdc. org/international/safewater. asp

Community Psychology - 1488 Words

Table of contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 History and core concepts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 Similarities and differences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 Strengths and weaknesses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Reference list†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 3 Critically compare and contrast community psychology with the public health approach Introduction In this essay, I will critically compare and contrast community psychology and the public health model in terms of their origins, core concepts, strengths and pitfalls of each approach, similarities and differences and in what way these approaches do or do not supplement one another. Community Psychology according†¦show more content†¦Community health is the third approach that viewed the stigmatised, non-western ideals and practices, as important as those of western beliefs and focuses mainly on the understanding of the behaviour of individuals in a broader spectrum of their cultures and values specific to their communities. The fourth and final regime of public health has been labeled the â€Å"New Public Health: A socio-ecological model.† This model developed in response to many limiting factors of community health. The specific problem would be that â€Å"in treating communities as self- 5 contained entities, it failed to analyse the effects of broader political and environmental forces on the community as a whole.† (University of South Africa, 2014) With this in mind, public health is now concerned with the public and context in which people live and the changing of the behaviour of the individual and at community level. Similarities and differences The similarities of the two approaches are that they both acknowledge and support the impact of socio-political, as well as socio-cultural factors on general well-being and health. In particular, the mental health model and public health, attempts to make available limited services to the community, all the while, including the individual member. Another similarity is that both approaches acknowledge and emphasise the important role of prevention. 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